Copying lathe



May 6, 1941. w: WENZIG COPYING LATHE Filed March 24, 19557 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 W/WENZIG COPYING LATHE Filed March 24, 1957 May 6, 1941.

6 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. 7k %622 21 7, BY ja /Q %WW4 ATTORNEY.

W. WENZIG COPYING DATHE May 6, 1941.

I Filed March'24, 1957 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 y 1941- w. WENZIG $241,285

COPYING LATHE Filed March 24, 1937 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 1 N VEN TOR.

ATTORNEY V W. WENZIG a l H o 7 ii- I- {I W- 6 J 3 W COPYING LATHE Filed March 24, 1957 Ill/Ill]! I x 1 l3 May 6, 1941.

' tion of the valve casing; Fig. 8 is a side the valve casing-withthe valve at rest; Fig. 9

Patented May 6, 1941 3 Application March 24, 1937, Serial No. 132,835 InGermany March 31, 1936 3 {)laims.

This invention relates to a copying lathe for making non-circular forms, particularly lasts, for turning out work of a given pattern.

Copying lathes for shaping one or more blanks after a pattern are well-known. The work, patterns and tools are driven mechanically, and in order to attain uniform cutting speeds it has been proposed to interpose regulating gears controled by special regulating discs, which permit also variations in the speed of the work. These known regulating gears involve, however, relatively difllcult and slow adjustment and for this reason can be employed only for slowly moving work and patterns or where variations in diameter are quite slight. In case of abnormally large variations in diameter it has further been proposed to increase or decrease speed gradually by means of an intermediate gearing, but this construction is open to the objection that with respect to highly irregular work or work differing considerably in diameter full utilization of cutting speeds cannot be effected It is further known to locate the tools hydraulically.

The copying lathe according to the invention avoids the drawbacks mentioned and is capable of automatically regulating the cutting speed by automatically and gradually varying the speed of rotation of the work and pattern in accordance with the diameter of the pattern. This varying of the speed is carried out without perceptible gradation and is accomplished even at relatively high speed and great irregularity of the work, in an economically most favorable manner adapted to different diameters of work and insuring also most advantageous feed of the tools relative to the work. Furthermore, the lathe according to the invention works fully automatically, except for fixing the work, and automatically controls operation and idling as well as starting and stopping.

By way of example, the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a front elevation, partly in section, of the machine in position of rest; Fig. 2, a partial plan showing the patternand tool carriers and the transmission wheels for the rotary motions; Fig. 3, partial side view of the machine in invertical section taken on the line ll-ll of Fig.'

3 Fig. 12 is a diagrammatic development of Fig. 9 showing the connections between the valve casing 46, the pump 55, cylinder 48 and cylinder 41; Fig. 13 is a fragmentary horizontal sec operative position; Fig. 4, an enlarged partial back view partly in section showing the drive for the machine; Fig. 5 is an enlarged partial elevation of the enlarging and reducing means for the work; Fig. 6, a horiz ontal section according to the line 6-6 of Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is an elevaview of tion taken substantially on the line l3--l3 of Fig. 4; Fig. 1'4 is a perspective of the carriage 3 apart from the rest of the structure.

In the base i there is a guide post 2 of circular diameter, on which a movable carriage 3 is vertically slidwbly mounted by means of bores 3 at either end thereof. The carriagefl comprises a pair of'end portions connected by elongated side pieces 3 and has at its lower end two laterally projecting guiding eyes 3, in which spindles I6, l1, whose ends are shaped as lower conventional work holders 4, 5 are rotatably mounted. In the same way, two laterally protruding guiding eyes'3 are provided at the upper end of the carriage 3 with their axis alined with those of the eyes 3' and in which upper conventional work holders 35, 81 are rotatably mounted and which can be adjusted in a vertical direction by means of hand wheels 88, 9!). At the lower end, the carriage 3 has,- in addition, a guide eye 3 which protrudes rearwardly from the center of the lower end of said carriage and which corresponds to a guide eye 3 that is equiaxial with eye 3 and which protrudes at the upper end of the carriage 3. In the guide eyes 3 and 3 of the carriage 3, a guide 6, mainly cyindrical, is vertically slidable and whose center portion or carrier 1 is shaped like a hollow cylinder with elongated openings in opposite walls. The ends of guide 6 are shaped toflt in guides 3 and 3 and the lower end of guide 6 is flattened on one side as at 6. This portion 6 is provided to prevent any turning of the guide 6 in the guide eyes 3, 3 The lower guide eye 3 of the carriage 3 terminates in the plane of the portion 6 of the lower end of guide 6, and that portion is partially covered by two plates ll mounted on the eye 3 (Fig. 6) which have a central space H between them.

To prevent the twisting of the carriage 3 on the guidepost 2, a fixed guide 8, longitudinally slotted as at 9, is mounted on a projection I provided on the base I. In the longitudinal slot 9 a guide roller I0 is placed whichis mounted on a bolt III which in turn is mounted in a cover lid ll (Figs. 3mm 5).

- rotation of the holders 4, and H11.

In an axial bore of the lower end of the guide 6, a spindle |3 is rotatably mounted whose upper end-protrudes therefrom into the center part 1 .of the guide 6 and provides a pattern holder I01 opposite to which in the upper part of guide 6 is an upper guide device 86 which is vertically adjustable by means of the hand wheel 89.

The pattern I2 is driven by the feed spindle l3, and the blanks l4 and I5 are actuated by the spindles l6, l1 in the usual manner through Setting is effected in the usual manner by moving the centers 85, 86, 81 toward the holders 4, 5 and I01 by means of the hand wheels 88, 89, 98 until the work and pattern, are gripped therebetween.

Rotary motion is transmitted from the driving pulley |8 by means of the worm shaft IS, the worm wheel 28 firmly connected with the gear wheel 2| on the shaft IS, the intermediate ear wheel 22, the gear wheel 23 on shaft |3 and the intermediate wheel 24 to the gear wheel 25 on the shaft |1 (Figs. 2, 11) By means of the gear wheels 2|, 23, 25 disposed in the base I the feed spindles I3, |6, H are rotated at uniform speed, but they are vertically displaceable so as to follow the displacements of the carriage 3. The shafts l6, l3 and I1 have spaced collars I6 I6 I3 |3 and N and H fixed thereon. These shafts extend respectively through bearings 3 1 and 3 in the carriage 3,'carrier 1 and carriage 3. The said collars abut on either side of the said bearings whereby the .said shafts are carried along with said carriage 3 and carrier 1 as the two move vertically, These shafts have mediate wheels 21, 28.

A clutch 38 on the worm shaft l3 serves for starting and stopping rotary motions.

The tool carriage 3| slides on a guide 32 secured to the base I and carries the tools 33, 34. the shafts of each of which are driven directly by motors 33 (only one of which is shown) mounted on the bearings of the shafts. A weight 35is attached to the carriage 3| by a chain 36 which passes over the roll 31 in the guide 32 and has the tendency to move said carriage and tools in the direction of the work blanks l4, l5. The profiling roller 38 is rotatably disposed on the pin 39 one end of which is axially displaceably guided in a bore 40 of the guide post 2 and the other end of which is secured in the bearing 4| of the carriage 3| to prevent rotation.

-do the discharge conduits 51 56 and 9| of the valve casing 46.

To the bracket 42 the motor 43 is secured which drives a belt 43 and a gear 44.

The gear 44 is connected to a transmission of known form (not shown) which is contained in the casing I44 and by which speed is varied with out-perceptible gradation. The gear 44 is geared of the blanks |4, l5, and also drives the pulley 44' of the pump 45 which forces a stream of liquid through the valve casing 46 and the flexible tubes 84 and 5fl vinto the cylinders 41, 48. When the liquid enters the cylinder 41, the piston 49 and the attached carriage 3 are lifted. The current of liquid enters the cylinder 48 through the flexible tube 58 and presses the piston 5| towards the rear where it engages a stop 53 of the carriage 3| and drives the latter. To reverse the operation the liquid is directed through the flexible tube- 52and the piston 5| is drawn again into the cylinder. 48, so that the stop 53 of the carriage 3| is released and the carriage, owing to the action of the weight 35, slides forward.

In the valve casing 46 a main valve 54 is arranged which can be reversed and which in reversed position returns the liquid through the return conduit 56, so that the liquid has not done any work. On the other hand, when the valve 54 is in operative position, it permits the current of liquid to pass to the intermediate valves 51 and 58, equalization of pressure being effected by an overpressure valve 59.

The intermediate valve 51 is closed by means of a lever 68 connected by a pin with the toothed segment 6| which engages a toothed wheel 62 23 to the gear wheel 29 by means of the interto and drives thedouble pulley 44 44 which in turn drive the belts 44 44 and the pulley l8 for the rotary motions of the pattern |2 and on the intermediate valve 51. The stop 63 on the carriage 3, (Fig. 3), engages the lever near the limit of descent of said carriage, and in the end position after ascent a strap 64 which is pivotally connected to the lever 60 by a slotted connection with the pin 64 secured on one of the eyes 3 of the carriage 3 and moves back the lever 68 (Fig. 3').

The lever 68 is further connected bya strap 65 which has a slotted connection with the coupling lever 66 which controls the clutch 30. It is apparent from Fig. 3 that the free end of the lever 66 is pivotally engaged with the movable element 36a of the clutch 38 and that a downward movement of the lever 60 forces the element 3|) into driving engagement. This occurs by the connection 65 being carried down with the lever 60 thereby depressing the short arm of lever 66 and moving the long arm thereof to the right (Fig. 3). The long arm of lever 66 being pivotally connected to 38a carriesthe 50 same with it.

Fig. ,12 shows diagrammatically the circulation of the fluid. Fluid is drawn from the reservoir 42 to the intake side of the pump 45 by way of a conduit 45 and passing from the discharge side of the pump through a conduit 45 to the valve casing 46. The fluid is then passed to the cylinder 41 through valves 54 and 58 and conduit 84 and to cylinder 48 through valves 54 and 51 and either conduit 58 or 52 in accordance with the way the valve 51 is set. Fluid returns to reservoir 42 from cylinder-41 through conduit 84, valve 58 (in reversed position from that of Fig. 12) and conduit 9|. Fluid returns from the left end of cylinder 48 through conduit 52, valve 51, passage 51 and conduit 51 From the right end of cylinder 48 fluid returns through conduit 50-, a by-pass 50 in valve 51, passage 51 and conduit 51. As aforesaid, when valve 54 is reversed from the Fig. 12 position, fluid merely passes from the pump 45 back to reservoir 42 via passage 56 and conduit 56*.

The intermediate valve 58 is controlled by the lever 61. For starting the machine the handle 63 on lever 61 is employed, reversing is effected by the stop 69 guided on the piston rod 5| and connected with the lever 61 by the strap I0, and the middle position at topmost position of the carriage 3 is brought about by means of the strap II which connects the handle 68 of the lever 81 with the pin 64' secured on the carriage 3 by a slotted connected. As shownin Figs. 3, 'I and 8, the lever 61 is T-shaped with the leg providing the handle 68. The lower arm provides a toothed segment SI for actuating a gear wheel 58- for actuating the valve 58".

Speed is regulated in any suitable manner as by an inclined plane 12 (Fig. 4) secured to the tool carriage 3| and adapted to move a lever I3,

according to the displacements of the carriage 3|, which appropriately actuates' the speed change gearing in casing I44 and thereby controls driving speed. Owing .to the regulation of the speed of the driving pulley I8, the speed of rotation of the pattern I2 and of the blanks 4, I5 is regulated also as well as the speed of the driving pulley for the pump 45 and thus the output and the more rapid or slower motion of the piston 49 and thereby the motion of the carriage 3.

To permit proportional enlargement or reduction of the work, I4, I 5 relative to the pattern I2 the lower end of the pattern carrier 8, I is provided with a horizontal guide I4 having an abutment 14 which is fixed to the flattened portion of the carrier 5 by screws .'I4 between the cover plates ii. A vertical slot I4 is provided in I8 to permit movement of the pin in with respect thereto. n the guide I4, a casing 15 slides, in which a roller guideway 16 is oscillatorily and adjustably arranged; In the roller guideway I6 slides a roller lil rotatably mounted on the pin I8- of the roller it. The pin Ill is seated in one of the plates H and extends through the slot It of guide 14 as aforesaid. The roller guideway I6 can be adjusted in the casing I around the roller Ill along an. arcuate scale by any suitable means such as a radially extending stud 15 of guideway IG'which extends through a vertical slot I5 in the casing l5. The guideway 18 may be held in any adjusted position by means of a clamping nut I6 on the I stud "l8".

A roller 'I'I rotatably mounted on the casing I5 by means of a pin 'l'l slides in a guide slot an; inclined and adjustable guide I8 whi-h 13 of is oscillatively mounted at its upper end by means of a pin-like abutment I9 to the back side of the fixed guide 8. The. lower end of the guide I8 is clamped to the fixed guide 8 by a the work l4, l5 are set, as indicated in Figs. 1 and 3. By means of the handle 68 the lever 55 is rotated ,in a clockwise direction to move the main valve 54 tothe position of Figs. 9 and -10. The intermediate valve 58 is moved from the neutral position of Fig. 8 by lever 51 to the position of Fig. '10 so as to pass liquid from cylinder 41 and provide an outlet for the liquid enclosed in the cylinder 41 under the piston 49 and by the weight of the carriage 3 to press back this liquid through the flexible tube 84, the intermediate valve 58, and the conduit 9| into an oil container, 42 in the pump 45. 4 During this descent the tool carriage 3| is kept in rearmost or inoperative position by means of the stop 53 cylinder 48 through the intermediate valve 51 and the flexible tube 50.

When the carriage arrives at lowermost position, it moves by its stop 53 the lever Wand thus the intermediate valve 51 into the position shown in Fig. 9. This means that the passage through the flexible tube 52 to the cylinder 48 is open, so that the current of liquid of the pump pushes back the piston 5| into the eviinder 48 and thereby releases the stop 53 of the tool carriage 3| which, owing to the action of the weight 35, moves in the direction of the work l4, l5 until the profiling roller 38 abuts against the pattern It.

Simultaneously with the reversing of the intermediate valve 51 by the lever 60 the coupling lever 56 is moved by the strap 85 and engages the clutch 3'8, whereupon the pattern It and the work 4, l5 begin to move.

The leading piston 5| finally strikes the stop 63 which by means of the connecting strap 18 moves the lever 51 and thus reverses the inter-- presure liquid and vertically displaces the carriage 3 in an upward direction. Since the'tool 1 carriage 3|, through its profiling roller 38, contacts with the pattern It, the tools 33 and 3 1 operate on the work 4, during displacement of relative to the length of the pattern i2 can be produced, as will be described later.

The machine functions as follows: After completion of axial displacement the carriage 3 for holding the work and with member 8 for holding the pattem are in their topmost positions, the rotary, motions of the carrier for the work |4, I5 and of the carrier for the pattern I2 are stopped, and the tool carriage 3| ls'iullynrawn back. 'I'hen the pattern iland operative to cause cessation of the rotary mo- .tlons of the pattern l2 and work l4, I5. '70

the carriage 3 in accordance with the motions of the profiling roller 38. i

At the completion of an operation and the upward mov ment, the carriage 3 shifts the lever 81 by the strap ,II and thus places the valve 58 in middle position (Fig. 8)' wherebv the liquid under the piston 48 is shut off and the carriage 3 remains in the uppermost position. At the same time, the connecting strap 64 acts on the lever 58 and thereby on the toothed se ment GI and the intermediate valve 51, Fig. 10, so that a current of liquid enters through the flexible tube 50, thecylinder 48 and displaces the piston 5|, for instance to the left as in Fig. 3, until the piston 5| strikes the stop .53 and thus places the tool carriage 3| into its rearmost inoperative position. Simultaneously with the lever the coupling lever 68 is moved by the strap 55 and the clutch 38 is rendered in- With the guideway I5 horizontal and the carriage 3 and carrier 6 at their uppermost positions, the machine is ready for producing workpieces of the same size as the pattern. This is possible becauseas the carriage 3 starts down it carries with it the pin III which in turn pulls along the casing I5, the horizontal guide I4 mounting said casing and the carrier 6 to which guide 14 is attached. There is no relative movement between carriage 3 and carrier 6 because the casing 15 and guideway 16 move horizontally on roller HP in response to the pull of roller I! in slot 18.

However, when the guideway 16 is inclined away from the horizontal, relative movement between carriage 3 and carrier 6 occurs. Assuming the guideway 16 is slanted upwardly from roller l". Then, as carriage 3 pulls the carrier 6 down on the non-working downstroke and roller'l'! in guide slot '18 pulls casing 15 to the left (Figs. and 6) the inclined guideway 16 is subjected to a cam action on roller lfl which forces carrier 6 (through 15 and M to descend faster than carriage 3. Thus, in the sametime that carriage 3 descends to its downward limit, carrier 6 travels the same distance plus the additional distance represented by the differential between the highest and lowest point of the inclined guideway 16. Thus, on the working upward stroke the same differential and relative movement would take place and the carrier 6 would take the pattern l2 of one size over the profiling roller 38 in the same time that cutters or tools 33, 34 are being taken over workpieces of a smaller size, thereby accomplishin proportional reduction.

Obviously, when the guideway 16 is inclined downwardly from roller l0 the reverse is true, the carrier 6 travels slower than carriage 3 (covering a shorter distance in the same time) and thereby permits proportional enlargement.

When a pattern smaller than the full size is used, the clamping nut 80 is loosened and raised.

in vertical slot 8| and fastened at a point opposite the marking of scale 82 which corresponds to the height of the pattern. The guide 18 is,

of course, displaced upwardly in aclockwise direction. Then when the inoperative down stroke of the machine is made, the roller 11 which travels in the guide slot 18a of guide 18 encounters the nut 80 and is stopped. This, in

turn,'stops the descent of the horizontally slid-.

able casing 15 in which roller I1 is mounted and also 'the' carrier 6 to which the casing 15 is will be completed first, at which time the formation of the work will also be completed. However, the carriage 3 will continue upwardly until it reaches its upper limit, as aforesaid.

I claim: 7

1. A copying lathe for making non-circular forms, particlarly lasts, after a given pattern, comprising a frame, a carriage for the-vertical displacement of the work and pattern, means for rotating the work and the pattern, an additional carriage in the frame mounted for horizontal displacement towards and away from said work and pattern, tools on said last named carriage, a profiling roller on said last named carriage for controlling the movement of the carriage toward the work in accordance with the diameter of the pattern and thereby controlling the depth of cut of the tools, means for gradually regulating the speed of rotation of the work and pattern, and means operable by the movement of the second mentioned carriage for actuating said regulating means to vary the speed of rotation of the work and pattern in accordance with the diameter of the pattern.

2. In a copying lathe, including means for mounting a pattern and at least one work piece therein, means for rotating said pattern and Work piece, a profiling member engageable with said pattern, means mounting the profiling member for movement toward the pattern in accordance with the diameter thereof, a tool engageable with said work piece, means mounting said tool for movement toward the work for different depths of cut, means controlling the movement of said tool in accordance with the movement of said profiling member, means for gradually varying the speed of rotation of said work piece and pattern, and means operable by the movement of-said profiling member for automatically actuating said speed varying means in accordance with the diameter of said pattern.

3. In a copying lathe, including means for mounting a pattern and at least one work piece therein, means for rotating said pattern and work piece, a profiling member engageable with said pattern, means mounting the profiling member for movement toward the pattern in accordance with the diameter thereof, a tool engageable with said work piece, means mounting said tool for movement toward the work for different depths of cut, means controlling the movement of said tool in accordance with the movement of said profiling member, a transmission for gradually varying without perceptible gradations the speed of rotation of said work piece and pattern, and means automatically operable by the movement of said profiling member for actuating said transmission in accordance with the diameter of said pattern.

WILLY WENZIG. 

